复杂环境下氧化铝储槽定向爆破拆除

在较为复杂的环境下,爆破拆除钢筋混凝土氧化铝储槽。该储槽自重大、呈圆形,内有4根立柱支撑下料漏斗。为使储槽顺利定向倒塌,通过爆破方案选择、参数确定,采取梯形切口和预处理以及安全防护和减振措施,使储槽爆破拆除获圆满成功。     

Tribological and mechanical characteristics of AA5083 alloy reinforced by hybridising heavy ceramic particles Ta2C & VC with light GNP and Al2O3 nanoparticles

In this study, AA5083 sheets were reinforced with four different hybrid nanoparticles by friction stir processing (FSP) for the development of surface nanocomposites used in advanced engineering applications. The present research focused on improving the properties and tribological behaviour of AA5083 alloy surfaces, including novel hybrid nanoparticles and the intermetallic phase formed during FSP. A tribometer tester with a constant normal load was used to examine the tribological performance of the hybrid composites. After the wear test, a surface profiler inspector was used to analyse the morphology and surface roughness of the examined materials. The Vickers micro-hardness of the base metal and the manufactured composites were measured. During FSP, a new intermetallic phase of AlV₃ was successfully formed at 300–400 °C in the hybrid nanocomposites containing VC particles. The reinforcements resulted in additional grain refining than FSP. The AA5083/Ta2C–Al₂O₃ exhibited the greatest grain refinement, a sixty-fold reduction in grain size compared to that of the base alloy. The results revealed that the hybrid nanocomposites containing VC particles demonstrated the most significant microhardness values inside the stirred zone as a result of the presence of the AlV₃ phase, which was increased by 25–30%. Moreover, the mechanical properties were significantly improved for all manufactured nanocomposites. The tensile strength was increased by 28% through the hybridisation of AA5083 using a hybrid of VC-GNPs. The dispersion of Ta₂C-GNPs and VC-GNPs in the matrix led to excellent interfacial adhesion, resulting in an enhancement in the mechanical properties. The AA5083/VC-GNPs surface composite outperformed other manufactured composites regarding wear resistance. In addition, due to GNPs soft nature, it reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) of the manufactured composites by 20–25% compared to other reinforcements.     

基于数值模拟的挤压参数对AZ91镁合金管转角焊合室分流挤压焊合压力的影响规律研究

提出了一种镁合金管材转角焊合室分流挤压新工艺，该工艺可在有效延长焊合室长度和焊合时间前提下保证舌针刚度，从而保证管材尺寸精度，并且可通过转角剪切变形机制增加预焊合金属变形量和动态再结晶程度，从而有利于提高管材性能和焊缝焊合性能。利用有限元法揭示了转角焊合室分流挤压成形过程中金属的流动特征，应变分布特征和焊合室内的静水压力分布特征。结果表明，整个挤压过程无金属折叠，从而保证管材的表面质量；流经转角后预焊合金属变形量明显增加，有利于提高管材质量和焊缝质量。最后，研究揭示了坯料初始温度，挤压速度和模具转角对焊合室内静水压力的影响规律。结果表明，随着挤压速度的增加和模具转角的增大，转角焊合室内静水压力增大；随着坯料预热温度的增加，转角焊合室内静水压力呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

非径向管板焊接接头的超声检测

对AP1000压水堆核电站安全壳贯穿件的非径向管板焊接接头结构特点进行了介绍,并分析其超声检测工艺的重点和难点。通过建立统一的缺陷定位坐标系并结合被检构件的几何特点进行综合分析,推导得出了h值(缺陷回波最高点距套管外壁的距离)的计算方法。为超声检测对这类焊接接头缺陷的准确识别和定位提供了行之有效的方法,为解决这类焊接接头的超声检测技术受限区提供了行之有效的措施。     

Altered age-hardening behavior in the ultrafine-grained surface layer of Mg-Zn-Y-Ce-Zr alloy processed by sliding friction treatment

To gain insight into the ageing behavior of ultrafine grain(UFG)structure,the precipitation phenom-ena and microstructural evolutions of Mg-6Zn-1Y-0.4Ce-0.5 Zr(wt.％)alloy processed by sliding friction treatment(SFT)were systematically studied using hardness texting,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)equipped with high-angle annular dark-field scanning(HADDF-STEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and XRD line broadening analysis.The microhardness of the SFT-processed(SFTed)sample initially decreases from 109.6 HV to 104.8 HV at ageing for 8 h,and then increases to the peak-ageing point of 115.4 HV at 16 h.Subsequently,it enters the over-aged period.The un-SFTed sample,as the counterpart,follows a regular ageing behavior that increases from 89.9 HV to 99.6 HV when ageing for 12 h,and then drops.A multi-mechanistic model is established to describe the strengthening due to grain refinement,disloca-tion accumulation,precipitation etc.The analysis reveals that the temperature sensitive UFG structure has an obvious grain coarsening effect,which arouses the soft phenomenon in the early ageing stage.But precipitation hardening provides an excellent hardness enhancement for overcoming the negative influ-ence and helping to reach the peak-aged point.In our microstructural observations,a lot of equilibrium ultrafine MgZn2 precipitates precipitate along dislocations because defects can provide the favorable conditions for the migration and segregation of solute atoms.     

An integrated model for analysing the effects of ultrasonic vibration on tool torque and thermal processes in friction stir welding

An integrated model of ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding (UVeFSW) is developed by integrating the thermal-fluid model with the ultrasonic field model and tool torque model. The tool torque and the heat generation rate at tool/workpiece contact interfaces are coupled with the interfacial temperature, strain rate and ultrasonic energy density. The model is used in quantitatively analysing the effects of ultrasonic vibration on tool torque and thermal processes in friction stir welding (FSW). The results show that ultrasonic vibration reduces the flow stress, which results in a decreasing of tool torque, interfacial heat generation rate and interfacial temperature. The complicated interaction of ultrasonic energy with the thermal processes in FSW leads to a gentle thermal gradient and an enhanced plastic material flow in UVeFSW. The model is validated by a comparison of the calculated thermal cycles and tool torque at various welding parameters with the experimentally measured ones.     

Measurement of residual stresses in dissimilar friction stir-welded aluminium and copper plates using the contour method

The longitudinal residual stresses in the friction stir-welded plates of 5A06 aluminium and pure copper were determined using the contour method. The results revealed the presence of high tensile and compressive residual stresses on the aluminium and copper sides, respectively. The residual stresses were detected on the weld zone as well as the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of the aluminium plate. In contrast, the compressive residual stresses in the copper plate had a much narrower width along the weld line. Peak tensile stresses up to 240?MPa were found in the TMAZ of the aluminium plate.     

Effect of metallurgical evolution during post-weld aging treatment on localised corrosion of resistance spot welding joints of A286 superalloy

The combined effect of resistance spot welding and precipitation hardening on the localised corrosion of A286 superalloy is studied. The specimens tested by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation were welded in the solution treated condition, and then subjected to different precipitation hardening treatments. For both base metal and weld nugget, the maximum localised corrosion is reached when η phase is clearly observable. The fact that the localised corrosion resistance of weld nugget is different from that shown by base metal may be explained by the segregation of Ni and Ti towards the interdendritic region of weld nugget (studied by using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray analysis).